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TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)

This is a protocol that is used to connect hosts on the Internet. TCP/IP uses two main protocols, one is being TCP and IP. TCP/IP is built into the UNIX operating system the internet uses this, allowing it to be standard for transmitting data over networks. Even network operating systems that have their own protocols, such as Netware, also support TCP/I.

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

 This protocol is used by the Web. It expresses how messages are formatted and transmitted. It allows the Web server and browsers to response to various commands. For example, when you enter a URL into browser, it actually sends an HTTP command to the Web server directing you to Web page.

HTTPS

This is where when you go onto a website the http changes to a https this indicates that the website is secure, this happens on websites such as Facebook amazon and twitter.

SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

This is a protocol for sending e-mails between servers. E-mail systems that send mail over the Internet use SMTP, to send messages from one server to another the messages can then be retrieved with an e-mail client using either POP or IMAP. In addition, SMTP is used to send messages from a mail client to a mail server. This is why you need to specify both the POP or IMAP server and the SMTP server when you configure your e-mail application.

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 Security Risks:

People hacking illegally and without permission and gaining access to someone else’s computer, this is done because the person wants to delete files they do this through virus’s by download them to the computer. They was they hack is by re-programming the computers system allowing it to performing stuff that the owner hasn't authorized.

Another way is stealing another person's personal information on the internet this is done by hackers creating fake websites such as websites that ask for you Bank Details, Name & Address, Phone Number and other personal information. This is very common as a lot of people would enter their personal details into a form without checking if it is a secure, protected site.

Another way that is a risk is programs that are made to steal data from computers, these are disguised as files downloaded from the internet, such as music downloads or movie downloads, viruses put the computer in danger as the security of a computer is at risk as the virus’s perform things such as blocking the anti-virus and glitching the computer allowing it to stop doing simple actions.

Security Protection Mechanisms:

A firewall is connected thought the network that is created to stop unwanted things such as virus’s through. There are different types of firewalls. There are hardware firewalls these can be a part of the router when you buy it, and then there is software firewalls these are programs that are added to the computer, for example Windows Firewall in the main settings.

A computer would have the setting passwords to Sucre that none can access your computer without your permission this setting has password strength this allows the computer to tell you if the password is easy or hard to work out some password programs make you have at least one number in the password to allow it to be Sucre.

A computer has the secure socket layer this provides communications over the internet securely.  Websites with SSL are indicated to have the certificate to show that the website is a secure website, this allows people to feel more safer to use the website.

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If the user has a slow download speed the page will take longer to load things like videos and images won’t load at all because of the download speeds. If the download speed it slow the page wount be able to get retrieved fully.

Some browsers don’t support some types of files that are used on website, like videos that are supported by flash; the only way to overcome this is by using a different browser, or downloading a flash player.

Cache memory helps load pages faster these are the pages that are always visited, if a user visits a lot of pages very often enough, they should erase the cache memory capacity in the browser settings.

If the user does not have a good processor in his computer the web page won’t load and also it won’t display content. A better processor would make websites load quicker and images and videos would load easier as well.

Server Side Factors

A Bandwidth tells the user how much they can download. The higher the bandwidth means you can download more data. For example if they had a good internet speed but bad bandwidth they would still have a slow download speed.

When a web page loads before this there are certain parts of the page that must load first these are the head this hosts JavaScript. This is why when you go on a web page it would load slowly and only shows background, and then other parts of the website begin to form.

On a website the number of hits on it this is the number of times that the user had tried getting onto it this information goes to the server hosting the web page. This says how many times people are visiting the page.

File Types on different browsers don’t show some file formats. This is problems such as not being able to load images and videos; it is a server side factor as the web page hosts chose to use these file types.

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Web 2.0 uses JavaScript’s to upload and download data from the web server without reloading the whole page again, social networking sites use this. This allows users to interact with the page by splitting communications the data coming back to the page. For example instagrams home screen feed, which will refresh automatically without the user pressing refresh. The comments on instagram will also continue to refresh whilst a user is scrolling through.. example where this is used are Instagram, Facebook and Twitter.

Cloud Computing is where software programs are accessed over a network. Where as if it was stored on the user's computer It would take up memory, on cloud computing they are stored in another location, this means less storage space is used on the computer. examples of this are Google docs.

Blogs are websites that are for users that want to share information with others users. These use the WEB 2.0 as the feed would refresh on its own without clicking the refresh button. examples of this are Google Blogger  Tumblr and posterous

Online applications use the cloud computing as they are accessed from somewhere else and not on the user’s computer. These are documents that store information and save automatically. They are used to pass information from user to computer. for example the apple app store as you can purchase them from the internet and it will save to your computer.